KEBERLANJUTAN PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL BAGI PENYANDANG DISABILITAS PASCA PROGRAM REHABILITASI PADA PANTI SOSIAL BINA NETRA HITBIA DINSOS PRIVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

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Skripsi ini berjudul Keberlanjutan Perlindungan Sosial bagi Penyandang Disabilitas Pasca Program Rehabilitasi pada Panti Sosial Bina Netra Hit Bia Dinas Sosial Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (Studi Kasus Perlindungan Sosial bagi Disabilitas Binaan Dinas Sosial Provinsi NTT di Kelurahan Maulafa Kota Kupang). Rumusan masalahnya adalah bagaimanakah keberlanjutan program perlindungan sosial bagi penyandang disabilitas pasca program rehabilitasi pada Panti Sosial Bina Netra Hit Bia Dinas Sosial yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Sosial Provinsi NTT di Kelurahan Maulafa Kota Kupang. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Keberlanjutan Perlindungan Sosial yang mencakup tiga aspek: keamanan sosial, akses universal, dan bantuan ekonomi. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan sumber data primer dari informan dan data sekunder dari dokumen terkait. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, sementara analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Aspek keamanan sosial telah terwujud melalui pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar secara komprehensif, meliputi tempat tinggal, makanan bergizi, pelayanan kesehatan, pendidikan, serta pembinaan mental dan sosial. Panti tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai penyedia layanan selama masa rehabilitasi, tetapi juga membekali penerima manfaat dengan pelatihan orientasi dan mobilitas, pembelajaran huruf Braille, keterampilan kerja, serta pendampingan psikososial. Keberhasilan ini didukung oleh landasan regulasi yang kuat, yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas, Peraturan Gubernur Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Nomor 48 Tahun 2024, dan Peraturan Daerah Kota Kupang Nomor 2 Tahun 2019, sehingga tercipta lingkungan rehabilitasi yang aman, inklusif, dan bebas diskriminasi. 2) Aspek akses universal telah berjalan melalui pemberian kesempatan yang setara kepada seluruh penyandang disabilitas untuk mengikuti layanan rehabilitasi tanpa membedakan latar belakang sosial, ekonomi, maupun kondisi individu, termasuk akses terhadap pendidikan, pembelajaran huruf Braille, orientasi dan mobilitas, serta pelatihan vokasional seperti pijat, pertanian, dan peternakan. Program ini terbukti meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, kemandirian, dan kepercayaan diri penerima manfaat, meskipun cakupan layanan masih perlu diperluas agar manfaatnya dapat dirasakan lebih merata. 3) Aspek bantuan ekonomi diwujudkan melalui pendekatan pemberdayaan yang mengintegrasikan pelatihan keterampilan vokasional dengan pemberian bantuan modal usaha sebesar Rp5.000.000 kepada setiap penerima manfaat yang memenuhi persyaratan. Namun, efektivitas bantuan ekonomi belum sepenuhnya optimal karena masih terbatasnya pendampingan berkelanjutan dalam aspek perencanaan usaha, pengelolaan keuangan, dan pemasaran produk pasca penyaluran bantuan, sehingga keberlanjutan pemberdayaan ekonomi penyandang disabilitas masih memerlukan penguatan lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis di atas, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa keberlanjutan perlindungan sosial bagi penyandang disabilitas pada Panti Sosial Bina Netra Hit Bia telah berjalan secara efektif dan berkontribusi nyata terhadap peningkatan kualitas hidup penerima manfaat, meskipun masih terdapat sejumlah kendala teknis dan keberlanjutan pendampingan yang perlu mendapat perhatian lebih lanjut, khususnya pada aspek bantuan ekonomi.

This thesis is entitled The Sustainability of Social Protection for Persons with Disabilities After the Rehabilitation Program at the Hit Bia Blind Rehabilitation Center under the Social Affairs Office of East Nusa Tenggara Province (A Case Study of Social Protection for Persons with Disabilities Assisted by the Social Affairs Office of NTT Province in Maulafa Sub-district, Kupang City). The research problem addressed is how the social protection program for persons with disabilities has been sustained after the rehabilitation program at the Hit Bia Blind Rehabilitation Center, carried out by the Social Affairs Office of NTT Province in Maulafa Sub-district, Kupang City. The theory employed is the theory of Social Protection Sustainability, which encompasses three aspects: social security, universal access, and economic assistance. This research uses a qualitative method, with primary data sourced from informants and secondary data from related documents. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, and documentation, while data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and descriptive qualitative conclusion drawing. The results of the research show that: 1) The aspect of social security has been realized through the comprehensive fulfillment of basic needs, including shelter, nutritious food, health services, education, as well as mental and social guidance. The center not only functions as a service provider during the rehabilitation period but also equips beneficiaries with orientation and mobility training, Braille literacy, work skills, and psychosocial assistance. This achievement is supported by a strong regulatory foundation, namely Law Number 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities, Governor Regulation of East Nusa Tenggara Province Number 48 of 2024, and Kupang City Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2019, thereby creating a safe, inclusive, and discrimination-free rehabilitation environment. 2) The aspect of universal access has been carried out by providing equal opportunities for all persons with disabilities to participate in rehabilitation services regardless of social background, economic status, or individual condition, including access to education, Braille literacy, orientation and mobility, and vocational training such as massage, agriculture, and animal husbandry. This program has proven to improve beneficiaries' knowledge, skills, independence, and self-confidence, although the scope of services still needs to be expanded so that its benefits can be enjoyed more evenly. 3) The aspect of economic assistance has been realized through an empowerment approach that integrates vocational skills training with the provision of business capital assistance amounting to Rp5,000,000 for each beneficiary who meets the requirements. However, the effectiveness of this economic assistance has not been fully optimal due to the limited continuity of mentoring in business planning, financial management, and product marketing after the disbursement of assistance, so that the sustainability of economic empowerment for persons with disabilities still requires further strengthening. Based on the analysis above, the author concludes that the sustainability of social protection for persons with disabilities at the Hit Bia Blind Rehabilitation Center has been running effectively and has contributed significantly to improving the quality of life of beneficiaries, although a number of technical obstacles and challenges in the continuity of mentoring remain and require further attention, particularly with regard to the aspect of economic assistance.