PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BIOCHAR DAN PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) DI LAHAN KERING

Abstrak

Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomi penting, namun produktivitasnya pada lahan kering masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan ketersediaan air dan unsur hara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian biochar dan pupuk kandang terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah serta menentukan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober–Desember 2025 di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Persatuan Guru 1945 NTT, Kelurahan Batuplat, Kecamatan Kota Raja, Kota Kupang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah biochar yang terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu 3, 5, dan 7 ton/ha, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah pupuk kandang sapi yang terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu 10, 15, dan 20 ton/ha. Terdapat sembilan kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi biochar dan pupuk kandang berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat umbi, dan berat basah brangkasan bawang merah. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada kombinasi biochar 7 ton/ha dan pupuk kandang sapi 20 ton/ha (B3PK3), dengan tinggi tanaman 33,467 cm, jumlah daun 23 helai, berat umbi 43,51 g, dan berat basah brangkasan 64,84 g. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi biocha

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is an important horticultural commodity with high economic value; however, its productivity in dryland areas is constrained by limited water availability and low nutrient availability. This study aimed to determine the effects of biochar and manure application on the growth and production of shallot and to identify the best treatment combination. The research was conducted from October to December 2025 at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Persatuan Guru 1945 NTT, Batuplat Village, Kota Raja District, Kupang City. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors. The first factor was biochar application at three levels, namely 3, 5, and 7 tons/ha, while the second factor was cow manure application at three levels, namely 10, 15, and 20 tons/ha. The treatment combinations were replicated three times. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that the combination of biochar and cow manure had a highly significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, bulb weight, and fresh biomass weight of shallot. The best treatment was obtained from the combination of 7 tons/ha biochar and 20 tons/ha cow manure (B3PK3), which resulted in a plant height of 33.467 cm, 23 leaves, bulb weight of 43.51 g, and fresh biomass weight of 64.84 g. These results indicate that the combination of biochar and cow manure can support the growth and production of shallot under dryland conditions.

r dan pupuk kandang dapat mendukung pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah pada lahan kering.