SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: TRADE-OFF EKOLOGI, SOSIAL, DAN EKONOMI PADA LANSKAP KELAPA SAWIT DI ASIA TENGGARA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis trade-off antara dimensi ekologi, sosial, dan ekonomi dalam pengembangan lanskap kelapa sawit di Asia Tenggara. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap artikel ilmiah dan publikasi relevan yang membahas dampak dan keberlanjutan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Proses review dilakukan secara sistematis melalui tahapan identifikasi, seleksi, dan analisis literatur untuk mengungkap pola hubungan timbal balik antar dimensi pembangunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa industri kelapa sawit memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional melalui peningkatan devisa negara, penciptaan lapangan kerja, dan peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat pedesaan. Namun demikian, manfaat ekonomi tersebut diiringi oleh trade-off berupa degradasi lingkungan, deforestasi, hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati, serta munculnya konflik sosial dan ketimpangan distribusi manfaat. Temuan SLR juga mengindikasikan bahwa lemahnya tata kelola lanskap dan koordinasi kebijakan memperparah benturan kepentingan antar dimensi.

This study aims to analyze the trade-offs between ecological, social, and economic dimensions in oil palm landscape development in Southeast Asia. The approach used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of relevant scientific articles and publications discussing the impacts and sustainability of oil palm plantations. The review process was conducted systematically through the stages of identification, selection, and analysis of literature to uncover patterns of interrelationships between development dimensions. The results show that the oil palm industry contributes significantly to regional economic growth through increased foreign exchange earnings, job creation, and increased incomes for rural communities. However, these economic benefits are accompanied by trade-offs in the form of environmental degradation, deforestation, biodiversity loss, as well as the emergence of social conflict and unequal distribution of benefits. The SLR findings also indicate that weak landscape governance and policy coordination exacerbate conflicts of interest between dimensions.