CITRA KOTA BUKITTINGGI

Abstrak

Bukittinggi merupakan kota wisata di Sumatera Barat yang memiliki potensi kuat dalam membentuk citra kota melalui kekayaan alam, sejarah, dan budaya, termasuk objek wisata ikonik seperti Jam Gadang dan Ngarai Sianok. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis citra Kota Bukittinggi berdasarkan teori pembentuk citra kota Kevin Lynch (1960) yang terdiri atas lima elemen, yaitu path, edge, district, node, dan landmark. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode campuran (mixed methods) yang menggabungkan analisis fisik-morfologi kawasan dengan analisis persepsi masyarakat. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, dokumentasi visual, wawancara, dan kuesioner terhadap 100 responden yang dipilih secara accidental sampling, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif-kualitatif dan deskriptif-kuantitatif sebelum ditriangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa citra Kota Bukittinggi terbentuk melalui struktur monosentris yang bertumpu pada kawasan Jam Gadang sebagai node dan landmark utama, diperkuat oleh Ngarai Sianok sebagai edge alami yang sangat kuat. Namun, analisis kesesuaian (GAP) antara kondisi fisik dan persepsi masyarakat memperlihatkan kerentanan pada elemen node (gap -1,26) dan landmark (gap -0,78), sementara elemen path dan district secara konsisten teridentifikasi lemah sehingga membatasi distribusi citra kota ke luar kawasan inti. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merumuskan rekomendasi operasional berupa penguatan koridor jalan, penegasan edge alami, re-branding node, penataan visual landmark, dan penegasan identitas kawasan guna memperkuat citra Kota Bukittinggi secara menyeluruh.

Bukittinggi is a tourism city in West Sumatra with strong potential to form a distinctive city image through its natural richness, history, and culture, including iconic attractions such as Jam Gadang and Ngarai Sianok. This study aims to identify and analyze the image of Bukittinggi City based on Kevin Lynch's (1960) city image theory, which consists of five elements: path, edge, district, node, and landmark. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining physical-morphological analysis with an analysis of community perception. Data were collected through field observation, visual documentation, interviews, and a questionnaire administered to 100 respondents selected through accidental sampling, then analyzed descriptively-qualitatively and descriptively-quantitatively before being triangulated. The results show that the image of Bukittinggi City is formed through a monocentric structure centered on the Jam Gadang area as the main node and landmark, reinforced by Ngarai Sianok as a strong natural edge. However, a gap analysis between physical conditions and public perception reveals vulnerability in the node (gap -1.26) and landmark (gap -0.78) elements, while the path and district elements are consistently identified as weak, thereby limiting the distribution of the city's image beyond its core area. Based on these findings, this study formulates operational recommendations comprising the strengthening of main corridors, the reinforcement of the natural edge, the re-branding of the primary node, the visual arrangement of landmarks, and the reinforcement of district identity to strengthen the overall image of Bukittinggi City