KONFLIK ISRAEL-PALESTINA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL

Abstrak

Konflik Israel-Palestina, khususnya agresi militer Israel terhadap Jalur Gaza, mencerminkan pelanggaran serius terhadap prinsip-prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional (HHI), seperti distinction, proportionality, military necessity, dan humanity. Tindakan militer yang menargetkan wilayah sipil dan infrastruktur publik telah mengakibatkan korban jiwa yang signifikan, termasuk anak-anak dan perempuan, yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan perang berdasarkan Konvensi Jenewa 1949 dan Protokol Tambahannya. Meskipun Palestina telah meratifikasi Statuta Roma dan memberikan yurisdiksi kepada Mahkamah Pidana Internasional (ICC) untuk menyelidiki kejahatan perang, penegakan hukum terhadap Israel tetap terbatas akibat ketidakikutsertaan Israel dalam Statuta Roma dan pengaruh geopolitik di forum internasional, seperti Dewan Keamanan PBB. Upaya melalui Mahkamah Internasional (ICJ) juga belum menghasilkan keputusan yang mengikat dan efektif. Situasi ini menunjukkan kelemahan struktural dalam sistem penegakan hukum internasional, di mana keadilan dan perlindungan korban perang sering kali terabaikan oleh kepentingan politik negara-negara kuat. Oleh karena itu, reformasi sistem internasional menjadi sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa pelanggaran HHI tidak dibiarkan tanpa konsekuensi hukum yang jelas.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, particularly Israel’s military aggression against the Gaza Strip, reflects serious violations of the principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), such as distinction, proportionality, military necessity, and humanity. Military actions targeting civilian areas and public infrastructure have resulted in significant casualties, including children and women, which can be categorized as war crimes under the 1949 Geneva Conventions and its Additional Protocols. Although Palestine has ratified the Rome Statute and granted jurisdiction to the International Criminal Court (ICC) to investigate war crimes, enforcement of the law against Israel remains limited due to Israel’s non-participation in the Rome Statute and geopolitical influence in international forums, such as the UN Security Council. Efforts through the International Court of Justice (ICJ) have also not produced binding and effective decisions. This situation shows structural weaknesses in the international law enforcement system, where justice and protection of war victims are often neglected by the political interests of powerful countries. Therefore, reform of the international system is very important to ensure that violations of IHL are not left without clear legal consequences.