EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI BERDASARKAN INDIKATOR PERESEPAN THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DI PUSKESMAS SEKERNAN ILIR MUARO JAMBI

Abstrak

Hipertensi adalah penyakit tidak menular kronis yang bisa disebabkan oleh berbagai aspek yaitu genetik, fisiologis, serta lingkungan Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis dengan prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia. Rasionalitas penggunaan obat antihipertensi perlu dievaluasi secara berkala untuk menjamin efektivitas dan keamanan terapi, salah satunya dengan menggunakan indikator peresepan dari World Health Organization (WHO). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Data diperoleh dari buku rekam medis pasien hipertensi pada tahun 2024. Evaluasi dilakukan berdasarkan tiga indikator peresepan WHO, yaitu: rata-rata jumlah item obat per lembar resep, persentase obat generik, dan persentase obat sesuai Formularium Nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata jumlah item obat per lembar resep sebesar 3,99 yang belum sesuai standar WHO (≤3). Persentase obat generik mencapai 99,57% (sesuai standar WHO ≥ 82%), dan persentase obat sesuai Formularium Nasional sebesar 98,40% (mendekati standar WHO 100%). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat aspek yang perlu ditingkatkan, terutama dalam jumlah rata-rata item obat per lembar resep.penggunaan obat antihipertensi yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu monoterapi dengan obat amlodipine dengan persentase 85,9%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini pada Penggunaan obat antihipertensi di Puskesmas Sekernan Ilir sebagian besar telah sesuai indikator WHO, namun masih diperlukan upaya perbaikan dalam aspek jumlah item obat per lembar resep agar lebih rasional dan aman, khususnya pada pasien dengan komorbiditas.

Hypertension is a chronic non-communicable disease that can be caused by various aspects, namely genetic, physiological, and environmental. Hypertension is one of the chronic diseases with a high prevalence in Indonesia. The rationality of the use of antihypertensive drugs needs to be evaluated periodically to ensure the effectiveness and safety of therapy, one of which is by using the prescription indicator from the World Health Organization (WHO). This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a retrospective approach. Data were obtained from medical records of hypertensive patients in 2024. The evaluation was carried out based on three WHO prescribing indicators, namely: the average number of drug items per prescription sheet, the percentage of generic drugs, and the percentage of drugs according to the National Formulary. The results of the study showed that the average number of drug items per prescription sheet was 3.99 which did not meet WHO standards (≤3). The percentage of generic drugs reached 99.57% (according to WHO standards ≥ 82%), and the percentage of drugs according to the National Formulary was 98.40% (approaching the WHO standard of 100%). These results indicate that there are still aspects that need to be improved, especially in the average number of drug items per prescription sheet. The most widely used antihypertensive drug is monotherapy with amlodipine with a percentage of 85.9%. The conclusion of this study on the use of antihypertensive drugs at the Sekernan Ilir Health Center has mostly been in accordance with WHO indicators, but improvements are still needed in terms of the number of drug items per prescription sheet to make it more rational and safe, especially for patients with comorbidities