PENGARUH INFLASI DAN NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS (ROA) BANK BUMN

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh inflasi dan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap profitabilitas yang diproksikan dengan Return on Assets (ROA) pada Bank Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) periode 2021–2025. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan tahunan Bank BUMN, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), dan Bank Indonesia. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi linier berganda melalui uji asumsi klasik, uji t, uji F, dan koefisien determinasi (R²) dengan bantuan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inflasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA (Sig. = 0,673 > 0,05), demikian pula nilai tukar rupiah (Sig. = 0,500 > 0,05). Secara simultan, kedua variabel juga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas (Sig. = 0,880 > 0,05). Nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 1,5% menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh faktor di luar model penelitian. Dengan demikian, profitabilitas Bank BUMN selama periode penelitian lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dibandingkan faktor makroekonomi berupa inflasi dan nilai tukar rupiah.

This study examines the effect of inflation and the rupiah exchange rate on the profitability of Indonesian State-Owned Banks (BUMN), measured by Return on Assets (ROA), during 2021–2025. A quantitative approach was employed using secondary data obtained from the annual reports of BUMN Banks, Statistics Indonesia (BPS), and Bank Indonesia. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with classical assumption tests, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²) in SPSS. The results indicate that inflation has no significant effect on ROA (Sig. = 0.673 > 0.05), while the rupiah exchange rate also has no significant effect (Sig. = 0.500 > 0.05). Simultaneously, inflation and the exchange rate do not significantly influence profitability (Sig. = 0.880 > 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) of 1.5% suggests that profitability is largely explained by factors outside the research model. These findings indicate that the profitability of BUMN Banks during the study period was influenced more by internal factors than by macroeconomic variables such as inflation and the rupiah exchange rate.