TINJAUAN VIKTIMOLOGI TERHADAP KORBAN PIDANA PENIPUAN ONLINE

(Studi Kasus Konser Sheila On 7 Samarinda)

Abstrak

Fokus utama studi ini tertuju pada dinamika keterlibatan korban dalam pusaran penipuan berbasis siber serta bagaimana jaminan regulasi memberikan perlindungan terhadap mereka. Penyelidikan ini mengambil lokus pada sengkarut penjualan tiket palsu konser Sheila On 7 di Samarinda. Urgensi pembahasan berakar dari problematika riil per Juli 2024, di mana 460 korban menanggung kerugian total Rp280 juta tanpa adanya penyelesaian hukum yang tuntas hingga kini. Menggunakan pendekatan socio-legal, data primer dihimpun lewat wawancara mendalam bersama Satreskrim Polresta Samarinda, Kejaksaan Negeri Samarinda, dan pihak korban. Selain itu, survei diperluas ke 103 responden terdampak yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Seluruh informasi lapangan tersebut dikombinasikan dengan bahan hukum sekunder seperti KUHP, UU ITE, dan UU Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban untuk kemudian dibedah menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Temuan riset mengonfirmasi bahwa para korban dalam perkara ini masuk dalam klasifikasi participating victims. Peran pasif mereka secara tidak langsung menstimulasi celah kejahatan akibat kecerobohan konfirmasi informasi (victim precipitation), kenaifan memercayai klaim pelaku sebagai bagian dari Event Organizer (gullibility), serta desakan psikologis akibat kecemasan tertinggal tren atau FOMO (situational vulnerability). Faktor ini diperparah oleh keterbatasan kecakapan digital (structural victimization) serta kelalaian mengamankan dokumen pembuktian pasca-insiden (post-victimization vulnerability). Walau demikian, andil pasif ini sama sekali tidak mengeliminasi kesalahan pidana yang sepenuhnya tetap berada di pundak pelaku. Pada ranah penegakan hukum, potret perlindungan korban memperlihatkan kesenjangan yang kontras. Kendati 98,1% korban telah mengadukan kasusnya, sekitar 74,8% di antara mereka gagal mendapatkan pemulihan materi. Mandeknya kasus di fase penyidikan ini dipicu oleh rapuhnya kekuatan pembuktian digital, yang berujung pada pengembalian berkas perkara oleh jaksa (P-19) tanpa pernah melangkah ke meja hijau. Realitas peradilan ini membuktikan bahwa mekanisme penegakan hukum masih condong pada penalaran yang berpusat pada pelaku (offender-oriented) ketimbang pemulihan hak dasar korban (victim-oriented). Jika dibiarkan, kondisi ini berisiko melanggengkan normalisasi penipuan digital di masyarakat. Sebagai solusi, riset ini menawarkan langkah taktis berupa pelembagaan restorative justice, eskalasi literasi hukum siber publik, maksimalisasi peran LPSK, serta standardisasi manajemen bukti elektronik demi tercapainya proteksi korban yang substantif.

The core focus of this study centers on the dynamics of victim involvement within cyber fraud networks and the efficacy of regulatory frameworks in securing their legal protection. This inquiry takes its locus in the fraudulent ticket sales for the Sheila On 7 concert in Samarinda. The urgency of this research stems from a critical incident in July 2024, which impacted 460 victims and incurred a cumulative financial loss of IDR 280 million a matter that remains legally unresolved. Adopting a socio-legal approach, primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews with the Criminal Investigation Unit of the Samarinda City Police (Satreskrim Polresta Samarinda), the Samarinda State Prosecutor’s Office (Kejaksaan Negeri Samarinda), and the affected victims. Furthermore, the empirical scope was extended through surveys distributed to 103 targeted respondents selected via purposive sampling. These field insights were synthesized with secondary legal materials specifically the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), the Information and Electronic Transactions Act (UU ITE), and the Witness and Victim Protection Act and subsequently analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. Research findings confirm that the victims in this case fall under the classification of participating victims. Their passive role inadvertently stimulated criminal opportunities, driven by a failure to verify information (victim precipitation), a naive trust in the perpetrator’s fraudulent claims of being part of the Event Organizer (gullibility), and psychological pressure induced by the fear of missing out, or FOMO (situational vulnerability). These elements were further compounded by inadequate digital literacy (structural victimization) and a failure to secure documentary evidence following the incident (post-victimization vulnerability). Nevertheless, this passive contribution by no means absolves the perpetrators of their criminal liability, which remains entirely absolute. In terms of law enforcement, the state of victim protection reveals a stark disparity. Although 98.1% of the victims reported their cases to the authorities, approximately 74,8% failed to attain financial restitution. This stagnation at the investigation stage was triggered by the frailty of digital evidence, which prompted prosecutors to return the case files (P-19), halting legal proceedings before they could reach trial. This judicial reality demonstrates that enforcement mechanisms remain heavily offender-oriented rather than focused on restoring the fundamental rights of the victims (victim-oriented). Left unaddressed, this trend risks normalizing online fraud within society. To mitigate this issue, this study advocates for tactical interventions: institutionalizing restorative justice, escalating public cyber law literacy, optimizing the role of the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), and standardizing electronic evidence management to achieve substantive victim protection.