ISLAM DAN PERSOALAN PRANATA SOSIAL: KONSEP KELUARGA SAKINAH, UKHUWAH ISLAMIYAH DAN WATHANIYAH, SERTA PERAN ISLAM DALAM POLITIK

Abstrak

Keluarga, ukhuwah, dan politik merupakan tiga pranata sosial yang saling berkelidan dalam membentuk tatanan masyarakat islam yang harmonis. Artikel ini menganalisis konsep keluarga sakinah, mawaddah, warrahmah, konsep ukhuwah Islamiyah dan wathaniyah, serta dinamika relasi Islam dan politik di Indonesia, menggunakan Metodi kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan atas buku, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan artikel jurnal terakreditasi yang dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa keluarga sakinah dibangun di atas ketenangan, cinta, dan kasih saying yang berpijak pada ketakwaan sebagaimana diatur dalam Al-Qur’an, UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974, dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam, serta ditopang pemenuhan hak dan kewajiban suami istri secara resiprokal. Ukhuwah Islamiyah (ikatan akidah) dan ukhuwah wathaniyah (ikatan kebangsaan) terbukti saling melengkapi sebagai perekat kemajemukan dan prasayarat perdamaian sosial. Adapun relasi Islam dan politik mengalami pergeseran dari kultur polityik menuju etika dan ideologi politik, diwarnai isu politik identitas menjelang pemilu, sementara secara electoral partai politik berbasis Islam cenderung berada di posisi pinggiran akibat perpecahan internal dan lemahnaya kemampuan menjawab persoalan rill Masyarakat. Ketiganya menegaskan bahwa penguatan nilai keislaman pada level individu, sosial, dan structural berperan penting menjaga kohesi bangsa manjemuk.

Family, ukhuwah (brotherhood), and politics represent three interconnected social institutions that collectively shape a harmonious Islamic societal order. This article examines the concepts of the sakinah (tranquil) family, built upon mawaddah (love) and rahmah (mercy), alongside the principles of ukhuwah Islamiyah (Islamic brotherhood) and ukhuwah wathaniyah (national brotherhood), as well as the evolving relationship between Islam and politics in Indonesia. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach that relies on books, legislative regulations, and accredited journal articles, all subjected to thematic analysis. The findings reveal that the sakinah family is grounded in tranquility, affection, and compassion rooted in piety, as prescribed in the Qur’an, Law No. 1 of 1974, and the Compilation of Islamic Law, and is sustained by the reciprocal fulfillment of spousal rights and obligations. Ukhuwah Islamiyah (tied to shared faith) and ukhuwah wathaniyah (rooted in national identity) prove mutually reinforcing, serving as a cohesive force for diversity and a foundation for social peace. Meanwhile, the relationship between Islam and politics has shifted from a distinctly political culture toward political ethics and ideology, marked by the rise of identity politics in the lead-up to elections. Electorally, Islamic-based political parties have remained on the periphery, largely due to internal fragmentation and a limited capacity to address the real-world concerns of the populace. Collectively, these three spheres underscore that strengthening Islamic values at the individual, social, and structural levels plays a vital role in preserving the cohesion of a pluralistic nation.