REVIEW JURNAL PERAN FARMAKOVIGILANS DALAM MENJAGA KEAMANAN OBAT TRADISIONAL DAN JAMU DI INDONESIA (JOURNAL REVIEW THE ROLE OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN MAINTAINING THE SAFETY OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINES AND HERBAL MEDICINES IN INDONESIA)

Abstrak

Obat tradisional dan jamu merupakan bagian dari budaya Indonesia dan banyak digunakan karena dianggap aman. Konsumsi yang tidak tepat, penggunaan berlebihan, dan peredaran produk ilegal yang mengandung bahan kimia obat (BKO) dapat menimbulkan risiko kesehatan. Farmakovigilans penting untuk memantau, menilai, dan melaporkan efek samping agar penggunaan obat tradisional lebih aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji peran farmakovigilans dalam menjaga keamanan obat tradisional dan jamu di Indonesia Studi ini menggunakan metode literature review deskriptif dengan data dari artikel ilmiah nasional lima tahun terakhir yang relevan dengan farmakovigilans dan keamanan obat tradisional. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan relevansi dan kualitas, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk mengevaluasi penerapan farmakovigilans, temuan efek samping, dan peran pemangku kepentingan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan farmakovigilans pada obat tradisional di Indonesia masih terbatas. Efek samping jarang dilaporkan karena persepsi aman dari bahan alami. Beberapa penelitian mencatat efek samping kategori possible, probable, dan definite, termasuk mual, pusing, mulas, gangguan pencernaan, dan perdarahan saluran cerna. Edukasi masyarakat, keterlibatan apoteker, dan pengawasan BPOM terhadap peredaran obat tradisional ilegal terbukti meningkatkan keamanan konsumen. Penggunaan algoritma Naranjo membantu menilai kausalitas efek samping secara sistematis.Farmakovigilans memainkan peran kunci dalam memastikan keamanan obat tradisional melalui pelaporan efek samping, pengawasan regulasi, edukasi publik, dan keterlibatan tenaga kesehatan. Penguatan sistem ini dapat mendukung penggunaan jamu yang aman, bertanggung jawab, dan sesuai standar kesehatan, sekaligus meminimalkan risiko akibat BKO.

Traditional medicines and herbal remedies are integral to Indonesian culture and widely used due to their perceived safety.  Improper use, excessive consumption, and the circulation of illegal products containing pharmaceutical adulterants (BKO) can pose serious health risks. Pharmacovigilance plays a crucial role in monitoring, evaluating, and reporting adverse effects to ensure the safe use of traditional medicines.This study aims to examine the role of pharmacovigilance in maintaining the safety of traditional medicines and herbal remedies in Indonesia, focusing on adverse event reporting, regulatory supervision, and public and healthcare professional education. A descriptive literature review was conducted using national scientific articles published in the last five years that are relevant to pharmacovigilance and the safety of traditional medicines. Articles were selected based on relevance and quality, and qualitative analysis was performed to assess the implementation of pharmacovigilance, reported adverse effects, and stakeholder involvement. The review indicates that pharmacovigilance implementation for traditional medicines in Indonesia remains limited. Adverse effects are rarely reported due to the perception that natural products are inherently safe. Some studies reported possible, probable, and definite adverse effects, including nausea, dizziness, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal disturbances, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Public education, pharmacist involvement, and BPOM supervision of illegal traditional medicines significantly improve consumer safety. The Naranjo algorithm is effective in systematically assessing the causality of adverse drug reactions. Pharmacovigilance is essential in ensuring the safety of traditional medicines through adverse event reporting, regulatory oversight, public education, and healthcare professional engagement. Strengthening this system can promote responsible, safe, and standardized use of herbal remedies while minimizing health risks from BKO contamination.