EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DITINJAU DARI PELAYANAN ANTENATAL CARE (ANC) DI KOTA PADANG PANJANG

Abstrak

Stunting merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang masih menjadi prioritas nasional karena berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan kognitif, produktivitas, dan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Salah satu intervensi spesifik dalam pencegahan stunting adalah pelayanan Antenatal Care (ANC) yang berkualitas selama masa kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Program Pencegahan Stunting ditinjau dari pelayanan ANC di Kota Padang Panjang menggunakan model evaluasi Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain evaluatif. Informan berjumlah 29 orang yang dipilih secara purposive, terdiri atas Kepala Dinas Kesehatan, kepala puskesmas, koordinator Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA), bidan pelaksana, tenaga gizi, kader Posyandu, dan ibu hamil. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan program pencegahan stunting melalui pelayanan ANC di Kota Padang Panjang secara umum telah berjalan dengan baik. Pada aspek context, kebijakan telah mendukung pelaksanaan program dan terintegrasi dalam pelayanan kesehatan ibu. Pada aspek input, tenaga kesehatan, sarana, prasarana, dan pembiayaan relatif memadai, meskipun masih terdapat keterbatasan sumber daya manusia serta media komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi. Pada aspek process, pelayanan ANC telah dilaksanakan sesuai standar melalui pemeriksaan kehamilan, pemberian tablet tambah darah, skrining risiko, dan konseling gizi, namun kepatuhan kunjungan ANC serta konsumsi tablet tambah darah masih menjadi tantangan. Pada aspek product, pelayanan ANC meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil dan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan, tetapi belum mampu menurunkan stunting secara optimal karena dipengaruhi faktor gizi, pola asuh, sanitasi, dan kondisi sosial ekonomi. Diperlukan penguatan koordinasi lintas sektor, peningkatan kualitas edukasi, serta pemantauan ibu hamil berisiko tinggi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas program.

Stunting is a public health problem that remains a national priority because it impacts physical growth, cognitive development, productivity, and the quality of human resources. One specific intervention in stunting prevention is quality Antenatal Care (ANC) services during pregnancy. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Stunting Prevention Program in terms of ANC services in Padang Panjang City using the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) evaluation model. The study used a qualitative approach with an evaluative design. Twenty-nine informants were selected purposively, consisting of the Head of the Health Office, heads of community health centers, Maternal and Child Health (KIA) coordinators, midwives, nutritionists, Posyandu cadres, and pregnant women. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model. The results showed that the implementation of the stunting prevention program through ANC services in Padang Panjang City has generally gone well. In terms of context, policies have supported program implementation and are integrated into maternal health services. In terms of input, health workers, facilities, infrastructure, and funding are relatively adequate, although there are still limitations in human resources and communication, information, and education media. In terms of process, ANC services have been implemented according to standards through prenatal checkups, iron supplementation, risk screening, and nutrition counseling. However, compliance with ANC visits and iron supplementation remains a challenge. In terms of product, ANC services improve the knowledge of pregnant women and the quality of health services, but have not been able to optimally reduce stunting due to the influence of nutrition, parenting patterns, sanitation, and socioeconomic conditions. Strengthening cross-sectoral coordination, improving the quality of education, and monitoring high-risk pregnant women is needed to increase program effectiveness