REKONTRUKSI HUBUNGAN NEGARA ISLAM DAN BLOK NON-ISLAM: PERSPEKTIF SIYASAH

Abstrak

Perubahan lanskap geopolitik global saat ini memicu fenomena integrasi negara-negara Muslim ke dalam blok multilateral non-Islam (seperti BRICS dan BOP) . Fenomena ini menimbulkan perdebatan teologis-konseptual dalam hukum tata negara Islam (siyasah) terkait legalitas meleburkan diri ke dalam otoritas sekuler di luar Islam. Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan batasan normatif serta model hubungan adaptif antara negara Islam dan blok non-Islam yang selaras dengan tuntutan politik global kontemporer. Metode Penelitian ini Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif-yuridis dengan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan sejarah (historical approach). Data kepustakaan berupa teks keagamaan dan literatur geopolitik dianalisis secara kualitatif-deskriptif menggunakan pisau analisis maqashid al-syariah dan prinsip tawazun. Hasil Penelitian menemukan bahwa aliansi pragmatis-defensif negara Muslim memiliki legitimasi historis dari praktik diplomasi Rasulullah SAW demi mewujudkan kemaslahatan global. Secara normatif, kerja sama lintas ideologi diabsahkan melalui parameter ta'awun (kolaborasi) selama berorientasi pada kemaslahatan publik (al-birr wa al-taqwa) dan tidak mengorbankan prinsip teologis yang fundamental. Integrasi politik aktor Muslim dalam sistem non-Islam juga harus memenuhi empat syarat ketat: memiliki bargaining power, berada dalam sistem non-represif, memiliki kebebasan berpendapat/exit policy, serta lolos kalkulasi maslahat-mudarat. Kesimpulan: Melalui rekontekstualisasi maqashid al-syariah (al-kulliyat al-khamsah) dan prinsip tawazun, dikotomi klasik Dar al-Islam dan Dar al-Harb bergeser menjadi Siyasah al-Ta’awun (politik kolaboratif) yang inklusif untuk menjembatani idealisme syariah dengan diplomasi transnasional modern.

Changes in the global geopolitical landscape have currently triggered a phenomenon where Muslim-majority countries integrate into non-Islamic multilateral blocs (such as BRICS and BOP). This phenomenon raises a theological-conceptual debate within Islamic constitutional law (siyasah) regarding the legality of merging into secular authorities outside of Islam. Objective This study aims to formulate normative boundaries and adaptive relationship models between Islamic states and non-Islamic blocs that align with contemporary global political demands. Method This study employs a normative-legal research method with a conceptual approach and a historical approach. Literature data consisting of religious texts and geopolitical literature are analyzed qualitatively and descriptively using the analytical lens of maqashid al-syariah and the principle of tawazun. Results The study finds that the pragmatic-defensive alliances of modern Muslim states have historical legitimacy derived from the diplomatic practices of Prophet Muhammad SAW to realize global welfare. Normatively, cross-ideological cooperation is validated through the parameter of ta'awun (collaboration) as long as it is oriented toward public interest (al-birr wa al-taqwa) and does not compromise fundamental theological principles. Furthermore, the political integration of Muslim actors within a non-Islamic system must fulfill four strict conditions: possessing real bargaining power, operating within a non-repressive system, having freedom of expression or an exit policy, and passing periodic benefit-harm calculations. Conclusion: Through the recontextualization of maqashid al-syariah (al-kulliyat al-khamsah) and the principle of tawazun, the classical dichotomy of Dar al-Islam and Dar al-Harb shifts toward an inclusive Siyasah al-Ta’awun (collaborative politics) to bridge the gap between sharia idealism and modern transnational diplomacy.