PENDEKATAN ONE HEALTH DALAM PENGENDALIAN ZOONOSIS DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS URGENSI, PILAR, TANTANGAN, DAN PELUANG

Abstrak

Penyakit Zoonosis  yang menular antara hewan dan manusia menjadi ancaman kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan di Indonesia.Karena keanekaragaman hayati, interaksi cepat antar spesies, dan perubahan lingkungan. Literatur review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis urgensi, pilar implementasi, serta tantangan dan peluang penerapan pendekatan One Health dalam pengendalian zoonosis di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelusuran dan Review literatur ilmiah terkait kebijakan, dan laporan terkait dari database nasional dan internasional. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan One Health yang mengintegrasikan sektor kesehatan manusia, hewan, dan lingkungan sangat krusial untuk respons yang efektif dan berkelanjutan terhadap zoonosis. Pilar utama implementasi meliputi pengawasan terintegrasi, respons cepat terkoordinasi, penelitian lintas disiplin, peningkatan kapasitas SDM, dan kerangka kebijakan yang mendukung. Meskipun menghadapi tantangan seperti koordinasi sektoral dan keterbatasan sumber daya, komitmen pemerintah dan kesadaran masyarakat menawarkan peluang untuk penguatan One Health. Implementasi One Health secara Komprehensif diharapkan dapat meminimalisir risiko, melindungi kesehatan masyarakat, dan menjaga keberlanjutan ekosistem di Indonesia.

Zoonotic diseases transmissible between animals and humans, pose a significant public health threat in Indonesia due to its rich biodiversity, rapid inter-species interactions, and environmental changes. This literature review aims to analyze the urgency, implementation pillars, as well as the challenges and opportunities of applying the One Health approach in zoonosis control in Indonesia. The method employed involves a comprehensive search and review of scientific literature, relevant policies, and reports from national and international databases. The findings indicate that the One Health approach, which integrates human health, animal health, and environmental sectors, is crucial for an effective and sustainable response to zoonoses. Key implementation pillars include integrated surveillance, coordinated rapid response, interdisciplinary research, human resource capacity building, and a supportive policy framework. Despite facing challenges such as sectoral coordination issues and resource limitations, government commitment and increasing public awareness offer promising opportunities for strengthening One Health initiatives. The comprehensive implementation of One Health is expected to minimize disease transmission risks, protect public health, and maintain ecosystem sustainability in Indonesia.