UJI POTENSI ANTIKANKER EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TUBA (DERRIS ELLIPTICA (WALL.) BENTH) TERHADAP SEL KANKER PAYUDARA MCF-7 DENGAN METODE MTT ASSAY
Kata Kunci:
Tuba, MCF-7, LC-MS/MS, MTT, Antikanker, IC50Abstrak
Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada wanita di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia, dengan angka kejadian yang tinggi. Terapi konvensional seperti kemoterapi sering bersifat non-selektif dan berpotensi menimbulkan toksisitas terhadap sel normal, sehingga diperlukan alternatif terapi yang lebih aman. Salah satu kandidat potensial adalah Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth (daun tanaman tuba), yang diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, fenolat, terpenoid, dan saponin yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi aktivitas antikanker ekstrak etanol daun tanaman tuba terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 menggunakan metode MTT assay. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%, diikuti analisis kandungan metabolit sekunder dengan LC-MS/MS. Uji sitotoksisitas dilakukan pada sel MCF-7 untuk menentukan nilai IC₅₀. Hasil LC-MS/MS mengidentifikasi 12 senyawa bioaktif, termasuk quercetin, kaempferol, catechin, gallic acid, dan β-sitosterol, yang berpotensi sebagai antikanker. Uji MTT assay menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun tanaman tuba memiliki nilai IC₅₀ sebesar 136 µg/mL, yang dikategorikan sebagai aktivitas sitotoksik moderat. Berdasarkan hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun tanaman tuba memiliki potensi sebagai agen antikanker terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 dan dapat menjadi kandidat terapi alternatif berbasis bahan alam. Disarankan pada penelitian selanjutnya untuk melakukan uji sampel tanaman Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth dengan sel kanker yang lain agar dapat menambah pengetahuan mengenai tanaman Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth sebagai tanaman antikanker.
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide, including in Indonesia, with a high incidence rate. Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy are often non-selective and tend to cause toxicity to normal cells, resulting in undesired side effects. One alternative treatment being developed is derived from natural materials, one of which is Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth (tuba plant leaves), which contains various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, and saponins known to possess antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity potential of the ethanol extract of Derris elliptica leaves against MCF-7 breast cancer cells using the MTT assay method. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol, followed by compound analysis using LC-MS/MS. The MTT assay was performed on MCF-7 cells to determine the IC₅₀ value. LC-MS/MS results identified 12 bioactive compounds, including quercetin, kaempferol, catechin, gallic acid, and gossypetin, known for their anticancer properties. The MTT assay showed that the ethanol extract of the plant leaves had an IC₅₀ value of 136 μg/mL, which is categorized as having moderate cytotoxic activity. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Derris elliptica leaves has potential as an anticancer agent for MCF-7 breast cancer cells and could serve as an alternative therapeutic candidate from natural ingredients. Further research is recommended to enhance knowledge regarding the potential of Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth as an anticancer plant.




