PENGARUH MIKROKLIMAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS) DI BAWAH TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT UMUR 7 TAHUN

Abstrak

Jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) merupakan jamur konsumsi bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang pertumbuhannya sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi mikroklimat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi mikroklimat terhadap produktivitas jamur tiram putih dan menentukan tingkat naungan yang paling sesuai untuk mendukung produksi jamur tiram putih di bawah tegakan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga mei 2026 di areal perkebunan kelapa sawit Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia, Medan, Sumatera Utara. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non-faktorial dengan 4 perlakuan tingkat naungan (P1–P4) berdasarkan posisi rak di bawah kelapa sawit umur 7 tahun dan 4 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 16 unit percobaan. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 3 hari selama 24 hari terhadap suhu udara, kelembapan relatif, waktu pertumbuhan miselium, serta tinggi dan lebar tubuh buah jamur. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) taraf nyata 5% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi mikroklimat pada setiap tingkat naungan belum memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan jamur tiram putih. Meskipun demikian, kondisi suhu dan kelembapan yang lebih rendah serta lebih stabil cenderung mendukung pertumbuhan tubuh buah jamur. Ketidakseragaman pertumbuhan baglog dipengaruhi oleh kualitas bibit, komposisi media, teknik sterilisasi dan inokulasi, serta kondisi lingkungan yang tidak merata.

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a high-value edible fungus whose growth is significantly influenced by microclimatic conditions. This study aimed to analyze the effect of microclimate variations on the productivity of white oyster mushrooms and to determine the most suitable shading level to support their production under oil palm stands. The research was conducted from April to May 2026 at the oil palm plantation area of Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia, Medan, North Sumatra. A non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used, consisting of four shading treatments (P1–P4) representing different rack positions under 7-year-old oil palm trees, with four replications each, resulting in 16 experimental units. Observations were conducted every three days over 24 days and included measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, mycelium growth time, and mushroom height and width. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% significance level, followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that mushroom growth was not synchronous across baglogs, influenced by differences in spawn quality, substrate composition, sterilization technique, inoculation procedures, and microclimatic variability across rack positions. Successful cultivation was strongly dependent on a combination of supportive environmental conditions and good technical management.