HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KEJADIAN OVERWEIGHT PADA ANAK PRASEKOLAH DI PAUD KECAMATAN SILO

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Peningkatan prevalensi overweight anak prasekolah di pedesaan dipicu oleh gaya hidup sedentari yang menurunkan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian overweight pada anak prasekolah di PAUD Kecamatan Silo, Kabupaten Jember. Metode: Penelitian analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan case-control ini melibatkan sampel 128 anak prasekolah di PAUD Kecamatan Silo (64 kasus overweight, 64 kontrol normal) yang diambil melalui stratified random sampling proporsional dari sembilan desa. Status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan indikator BB/U, sedangkan tingkat aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan kuesioner Pre-PAQ. Analisis data menggunakan uji Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Test dan uji koefisien korelasi (r). Hasil: Analisis menunjukkan mayoritas anak berada pada tingkat aktivitas fisik Level 1 (inaktif), yaitu 82,8% kelompok kasus dan 39,1% kelompok kontrol. Hasil uji statistik menghasilkan nilai p<0,001, menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian overweight. Nilai r=0,464 mengindikasikan kekuatan hubungan sedang dengan arah positif, artinya optimalnya aktivitas fisik selaras dengan capaian berat badan normal. Kesimpulan dan Implikasi Keperawatan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa rendahnya tingkat aktivitas fisik menjadi faktor yang berhubungan erat dengan peningkatan risiko kejadian overweight pada anak usia prasekolah di wilayah perdesaan. Implikasinya, perawat komunitas perlu berkolaborasi dengan keluarga dan pihak PAUD untuk memformulasikan intervensi promotif-preventif melalui restrukturisasi aktivitas fisik terintegrasi di sekolah serta edukasi pembatasan perilaku sedentari (screen time) di rumah.

Background and Objective: The increasing prevalence of overweight among preschool children in rural areas is triggered by a sedentary lifestyle that reduces physical activity. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical activity levels and the incidence of overweight in preschool children at early childhood education centers (PAUD) in Silo District, Jember Regency. Method: This correlational analytical study with a case-control approach involved 128 preschool children (64 overweight cases and 64 normal controls) selected through proportionate stratified random sampling across nine villages. Nutritional status was determined based on the Weight-for-Age (WFA) indicator, while physical activity levels were measured using the Pre-PAQ questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Test and the correlation coefficient (r) test. Results: The analysis showed that the majority of the children were at physical activity Level 1 (inactive), consisting of 82.8% in the case group and 39.1% in the control group. The statistical test yielded a p-value <0.001, indicating a significant relationship between physical activity levels and the incidence of overweight. The correlation coefficient value (r=0.464) indicated a moderate strength of association with a positive direction, meaning that optimal physical activity aligned with the achievement of normal body weight. Conclusion and Nursing Implications: This study concludes that a low level of physical activity is a factor closely associated with an increased risk of overweight among preschool-aged children in rural areas. Implicatively, community nurses need to collaborate with families and PAUD authorities to formulate promotive-preventive interventions through restructured, integrated physical activities at school and education on limiting sedentary behavior (screen time) at home.