STUDI LITERATUR HAKIKAT BELAJAR MENGAJAR DAN PEMBELAJARAN: LANDASAN TEORITIS DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA

Abstrak

This literature review aims to investigate the concepts of learning, teaching, instruction, and their implementation in physics education. To conduct this study, a number of relevant journals published in the last ten years at both national and international levels were examined. The paradigm of physics learning has undergone a significant transformation. The synthesis results indicate a shift from traditional teacher-centered approaches to modern student-centered approaches. Constructivist theory, which views students as active constructors of knowledge, serves as the main philosophical foundation in this context. Learning models such as Discovery Learning, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Cooperative Learning, and Inquiry have been proven to enhance students’ problem-solving abilities, critical thinking, and conceptual understanding. In addition, the use of technology, such as blended learning and interactive media, greatly supports the creation of innovative learning that aligns with the demands of the 21st century. The findings of this study emphasize the crucial role of teachers as facilitators, innovators, and mentors in developing meaningful learning processes to achieve the goals of physics education.