ANALISIS PENGARUH SUHU DAN KELEMBAPAN GUDANG TERHADAP DEGRADASI MATERIAL PENYIMPANAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN TERMODINAMIKA PADA GUDANG KAWASAN PESISIR

Abstrak

Gudang yang berada di kawasan pesisir memiliki karakteristik lingkungan berupa suhu tinggi, kelembapan relatif tinggi, serta paparan ion klorida dari udara laut yang berpotensi mempercepat degradasi material selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh suhu dan kelembapan gudang terhadap kualitas material serta mengidentifikasi material yang paling rentan mengalami degradasi pada lingkungan pesisir. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan studi literatur yang didukung pengukuran suhu serta kelembapan gudang menggunakan Environmental Meter EN510. Data dianalisis berdasarkan karakteristik termodinamika lingkungan penyimpanan dan dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian terdahulu mengenai degradasi material pada kondisi kelembapan tinggi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa material besi merupakan material yang paling rentan mengalami korosi akibat kombinasi kelembapan relatif tinggi dan kandungan ion klorida di udara. Material kayu mengalami peningkatan kadar air yang menyebabkan pembengkakan (swelling), deformasi, dan pertumbuhan jamur. Material rubber mengalami proses thermal aging yang ditandai dengan penurunan elastisitas dan munculnya retak mikro, sedangkan PVC memiliki ketahanan terbaik terhadap pengaruh kelembapan, namun tetap mengalami degradasi akibat paparan suhu tinggi dalam jangka panjang. Penerapan pengendalian suhu pada kisaran 25–30°C, kelembapan relatif 45–60%, penggunaan sistem dehumidifikasi, ventilasi yang memadai, serta pelapisan pelindung pada material terbukti dapat memperlambat laju degradasi dan memperpanjang umur simpan material di gudang kawasan pesisir. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi dasar rekomendasi bagi perusahaan dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pengelolaan lingkungan gudang serta mengurangi kerugian akibat kerusakan material selama penyimpanan.

Warehouses located in coastal areas are exposed to environmental conditions characterized by high temperatures, high relative humidity, and airborne chloride ions originating from seawater. These conditions accelerate the degradation of stored materials through heat transfer, moisture transfer, and physicochemical changes governed by thermodynamic principles. This study aims to analyze the effects of warehouse temperature and relative humidity on the quality and service life of wooden, rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and steel materials stored in a coastal warehouse environment. A quantitative descriptive approach combined with a literature review was employed. Environmental parameters, including temperature and relative humidity, were measured using a thermo-hygrometer and analyzed using thermodynamic concepts related to heat and mass transfer. The results indicate that steel is the most vulnerable material due to accelerated atmospheric corrosion caused by high humidity and chloride deposition. Wood exhibits moisture absorption leading to swelling, dimensional instability, fungal growth, and a reduction in mechanical strength. Rubber undergoes thermal-oxidative aging, resulting in reduced elasticity, increased hardness, and microcrack formation. In contrast, PVC demonstrates the highest resistance to humid coastal environments, although prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures may cause thermal degradation and reduced flexibility. The study also suggests that maintaining warehouse temperatures between 25–30°C and relative humidity between 45–60%, together with adequate ventilation, dehumidification systems, and appropriate protective coatings, can significantly reduce material degradation and extend service life. These findings provide practical recommendations for warehouse management in coastal regions to improve storage conditions, minimize material deterioration, and enhance inventory reliability.